Arduino Programming – HSB to RGB

Control a RGB led with Hue, Saturation and Brightness (HSB / HSV).

Level: beginner with Arduino. (Basic knowledge of programming principles like if/else and variables).

/*  
  Control a RGB led with Hue, Saturation and Brightness (HSB / HSV )

  Hue is change by an analog input. 
  Brightness is changed by a fading function. 
  Saturation stays constant at 255

  getRGB() function based on <http://www.codeproject.com/miscctrl/CPicker.asp>  
  dim_curve idea by Jims

  created 05-01-2010 by kasperkamperman.com
*/

/* 
  dim_curve 'lookup table' to compensate for the nonlinearity of human vision.
  Used in the getRGB function on saturation and brightness to make 'dimming' look more natural. 
  Exponential function used to create values below : 
  x from 0 - 255 : y = round(pow( 2.0, x+64/40.0) - 1)   
*/

const byte dim_curve[] = {
    0,   1,   1,   2,   2,   2,   2,   2,   2,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,
    3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   3,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,
    4,   4,   4,   5,   5,   5,   5,   5,   5,   5,   5,   5,   5,   6,   6,   6,
    6,   6,   6,   6,   6,   7,   7,   7,   7,   7,   7,   7,   8,   8,   8,   8,
    8,   8,   9,   9,   9,   9,   9,   9,   10,  10,  10,  10,  10,  11,  11,  11,
    11,  11,  12,  12,  12,  12,  12,  13,  13,  13,  13,  14,  14,  14,  14,  15,
    15,  15,  16,  16,  16,  16,  17,  17,  17,  18,  18,  18,  19,  19,  19,  20,
    20,  20,  21,  21,  22,  22,  22,  23,  23,  24,  24,  25,  25,  25,  26,  26,
    27,  27,  28,  28,  29,  29,  30,  30,  31,  32,  32,  33,  33,  34,  35,  35,
    36,  36,  37,  38,  38,  39,  40,  40,  41,  42,  43,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,
    48,  48,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,  62,
    63,  64,  65,  66,  68,  69,  70,  71,  73,  74,  75,  76,  78,  79,  81,  82,
    83,  85,  86,  88,  90,  91,  93,  94,  96,  98,  99,  101, 103, 105, 107, 109,
    110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 132, 134, 136, 139, 141, 144,
    146, 149, 151, 154, 157, 159, 162, 165, 168, 171, 174, 177, 180, 183, 186, 190,
    193, 196, 200, 203, 207, 211, 214, 218, 222, 226, 230, 234, 238, 242, 248, 255,
};

const int sensorPin = 0;  // pin the potmeter is attached too
const int ledPinR   = 9;  // pwm pin with red led
const int ledPinG   = 10; // pwm pin with green led
const int ledPinB   = 11; // pwm pin with blue led

int sensorVal = 0; // store the value coming from the sensor
int fadeVal   = 0; // value that changes between 0-255
int fadeSpeed = 4; // 'speed' of fading

// getRGB function stores RGB values in this array
// use these values for the red, blue, green led. 
int rgb_colors[3]; 

int hue;
int saturation;
int brightness;

void setup() { 
  pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(57600);
}

void loop()  { 

  sensorVal = analogRead(sensorPin);

  // fade from 0 - 255 and back with a certain speed   
  fadeVal = fadeVal + fadeSpeed;         // change fadeVal by speed
  fadeVal = constrain(fadeVal, 0, 255);  // keep fadeVal between 0 and 255

  if(fadeVal==255 || fadeVal==0)         // change from up>down or down-up (negative/positive)
  { fadeSpeed = -fadeSpeed;  
  }  

  // set HSB values
  hue        = map(sensorVal,0, 1023,0, 359);     // hue is a number between 0 and 360
  saturation = 255;                               // saturation is a number between 0 - 255
  brightness = fadeVal;                           // value is a number between 0 - 255

  getRGB(hue,saturation,brightness,rgb_colors);   // converts HSB to RGB

  analogWrite(ledPinR, rgb_colors[0]);            // red value in index 0 of rgb_colors array
  analogWrite(ledPinG, rgb_colors[1]);            // green value in index 1 of rgb_colors array
  analogWrite(ledPinB, rgb_colors[2]);            // blue value in index 2 of rgb_colors array

  delay(20); // delay to slow down fading
}

void getRGB(int hue, int sat, int val, int colors[3]) { 
  /* convert hue, saturation and brightness ( HSB/HSV ) to RGB
     The dim_curve is used only on brightness/value and on saturation (inverted).
     This looks the most natural.      
  */

  val = dim_curve[val];
  sat = 255-dim_curve[255-sat];

  int r;
  int g;
  int b;
  int base;

  if (sat == 0) { // Acromatic color (gray). Hue doesn't mind.
    colors[0]=val;
    colors[1]=val;
    colors[2]=val;  
  } else  { 

    base = ((255 - sat) * val)>>8;

    switch(hue/60) {
    case 0:
        r = val;
        g = (((val-base)*hue)/60)+base;
        b = base;
    break;

    case 1:
        r = (((val-base)*(60-(hue%60)))/60)+base;
        g = val;
        b = base;
    break;

    case 2:
        r = base;
        g = val;
        b = (((val-base)*(hue%60))/60)+base;
    break;

    case 3:
        r = base;
        g = (((val-base)*(60-(hue%60)))/60)+base;
        b = val;
    break;

    case 4:
        r = (((val-base)*(hue%60))/60)+base;
        g = base;
        b = val;
    break;

    case 5:
        r = val;
        g = base;
        b = (((val-base)*(60-(hue%60)))/60)+base;
    break;
    }

    colors[0]=r;
    colors[1]=g;
    colors[2]=b; 
  }   
}